Transliteration

Will accompany all consonant pronunciations; not applicable for half consonants or other variations

In the word, “Avadhūta”, the “a” after v completes the full proninciation for the consonant व

Sounds like “u” in sun, fun or like “a” in America, personal

Longer “a”

Vāmanrāj

Sounds like “a” cart, smart, argue

Shorter “i”

Nitya, Haripāṭh; sounds like “i” in the words sit, lit, kit etc.

Sounds like “i” sit, lit, kit

Longer “i”

Aartī; Prītī; sounds like “ee” in peel, teel.

Sounds like “ee” in peel, teel.

Shorter “u”

Gurus “u” sounds like “o” in to, do

Sounds like “oo” in foot, soot

Longer “u”

Mūrti, Dhūr; sounds like Cool, Tool, Drool.

Sounds like “oo” in cool, tool, drool

Sounds like the English letter A eg: bay, say, hay, gray etc.

Sounds like “a” bay, say, hay, gray

Aishwaryā

Sounds similar to the letter “i” in ice, grind

Sounds like “o” in sow, crow, know etc.

Sounds like “o” in sow, crow, know etc.

Sounds like “ow” in owl

Sounds like “ow” in owl, growl

When pronounced as m

Aṁbā; sounds like “um” in mum, tums, pump

Sounds like “um” in mum, tums, pump

When pronounced as n

Aṅkit; sounds like “un” in junk, drunk, lunge, spunge

Sounds like “un” in junk, drunk, lunge, spunge

When not pronounced

Silent

Silent

Usually appears in Sanskrit/ancient marathi

Sounds similar to “aha” with the preceding consonant

Sounds similar to “aha” with the preceding consonant

Sounds like “c” in cut, camel, can, cool or “k” in kite, kill, kennel.

Sounds like “c” in cut, camel, can, cool or “k” in kite, kill, kennel.

Sounds like “kh” in Khān, Khaāis, sheikh, gymkhānā

Sounds like “kh” in Khān, khakis, sheikh

Sounds like “g” in gun, goat, Gary, jug, nag etc.

Sounds like “g” in gun, goat, Gary, jug, nag etc.

Sounds like “gh” in ghastly, Shanghai

Sounds like “gh” in ghastly, ghost, ghee

Sounds like “n” in sing

Sounds like “n” in sing, fling

Sounds like “ch” in much, touch, chair

Sounds like “ch” in much, touch, chair

Peculiar to Marathi language

ĉhamĉhā, ĉharkha, ĉhāndī in marāṭhī

ĉhamĉhā, ĉharkha, ĉhāndī in marāṭhī

Chhatri, Chhatrapati; like “chh”

Sounds like “chh”; “ch” with a stronger “h” sound

Jeevan, Raj; sounds like “j” in jug, jungle, brinjal, jeep, joy

Sounds like “j” in jug, jungle, brinjal, jeep, joy

Peculiar to Marathi language

sounds like; ĵawas, as in flax seed or ĵogawa in marāṭhī

sounds like; ĵawas, as in flax seed or ĵogawa in marāṭhī

Peculiar to Marathi language

ĵhabla, sounds like “z” in zero

Sounds like “z” in zero, zebra

Jhakāsa, Jheṅda in marāṭhī

Sounds like “jh”; like “j” in jug

Sounds like “ny” in canyon

Sounds like “ny” in canyon;

Sounds like “t” in tub, taboo

Sounds like “t” in tub, taboo

ṭhasā; sounds like “th” in lighthearted

Sounds like “th” in lighthearted

ḍabā, like “d” in dove

Sounds like “d” in dove, dangle

ḍhaga, ḍhola in marāṭhī

ḍhaga, ḍhola in marāṭhī; Sounds like “d” in dove with an added h

bāṇa, like the “n” in not but with the tongue on the roof of the mouth

bāṇa, like the “n” in not but with the tongue on the roof of the mouth

Talvāra, as in sword in marāṭhī

Sounds like “t” in P.P. Tai, or “th” in thimble, thump

thāṃba, sounds like “th” in thunder

Sounds like “th” in Thai

Vādya as in “the”

Sounds like “th” in the, though, they

Dhanya, sounds like “dh” in Avadhūta

Dhanya, sounds like “dh” in Avadhūta

Nāma, sounds like “n” in nut

Sounds like “n” in nut, nine

Padmā, sounds like “p” in pine

Sounds like “p” in pine, helper

Sounds like “ph” in Philadelphia

Sounds like “ph” in Philadelphia, phone

Sounds like “b” in bird

Sounds like “b” in bird, baby

Sounds like “bh” in Bhakti

Sounds like “bh” in Bhakti

Marāthī, like “ma” in mother

Sounds like “m” in mother, mile

Yogā, like “ya” in yes

Sounds like “y” in yoga, yes

Ratnā, like “ra” in run

Sounds like “r” in run, read

Limbū, like “la” in light

Sounds like “l” in light, little

Exception- use ‘w’ when preceded by one of श, ष, स, द, ध, त, ज

Vāmanrāj, like “va” as in vine;

Sounds like ‘w’ in ‘water’. Swāmī, Shwās, Dwanī

Shloka, sounds like “sh” in shine

Sounds like “sh” in shine

Mahiṣhāsura, Ṣhaṭakona sounds like “sh” in shine

Sounds like “sh” in shine

sounds like “sa” in silk

sounds like “s” in silk, saint

sounds like “ha” in home

Sounds like “h” in home, hat

bāḷa for baby in Marāṭhī

bāḷa for baby in Marāṭhī; your tongue should begin the “l” sound toward the back of your palate

Sounds like “ksa’ as in Milk-shake or Book-shop

Sounds like “ksh’ as in Milkshake or Bookshop

Sounds like “jña” as in Stagnant

Sounds like “jña” as in Stagnant

Sounds like “ shra” as in Shrī

Sounds like “ shr” as in Shree, shrine, shred

Treat it like half “r”

GururBrahmā

Treat it like half “r”

Sāryā

Hrushikeshī

Sounds like “kka” as in Tikkā-masala

Sounds like “kka” in Tikkā-masala

t + ra

Trāsa, sounds like ‘tra’ as in Russian Perestroika

Sounds like ‘tr’ in Russian Perestroika, Detroit

k + ra

Sounds like “kra” as in Bankrupt

Sounds like “kr” in Bankrupt

h + ma

Sounds like “hma” as in Brahmi script

Sounds like “hm” in Brahmi script

m + ha

Sounds like “mha” as in Farm-hand

Not sure about this

k + ru

Sounds like “kr” as in Cruise

Sounds like “kr” as in Cruise. Except in कृष्ण, where it is Kriṣhṇa

Devnagri Danda. Use key below backspace.

Used like period

Devnagri Double Danda. Use key below backspace.

rushi, like the r in Rita but more like French ru

Longer “ru”

Longer “ru”

Sounds like “au” in August or “aw” in jaw, paw

Sounds like “au” in August or “aw” in jaw, paw

Usage as per pronounciation

Accent to previous sound. Integral sign used.

Tvaṁ harāऽshu

Breaks consonant in to half- gives a very short pronunciation, usually ending the word.

Sākshāt, Mām, (treat this as half letter and don’t add a at the end)

Omkār

Repeat words/phrases as per audio

Repeat stanza - to be repeated after each stanza

Refrain

Refrain

Nityaṁ

dyā

Represented as ṁ in the text. Pronounced as ‘um’ as in ‘sum’ when the following alphabet is one of "प","फ","ब","भ","म","य","र","ल","व","श","ष","स","ह","ळ".

Example: बलं भीष्माभिरक्षितम् = balum bhīṣhmābhirakṣhitam

Represented as ṁ(n) in the text. Pronounced as ‘un’ as in ‘fun’ when the following alphabet is other than ones listed above.

Example: मधुरं गमनं = madhurun gamanaṁ

Represented as ṁ(ñ) in the text. Pronounced as ‘nya’ when the following alphabet is one of "च","छ","ज","झ","ञ","ज्ञ"

Example: महतीं चमूम् = mahatīnya chamūm

Sounds similar to “aha” with the preceding consonant, generally, with some exceptions as below -

Represented as ḥ(kh) in the text.
If 1st character of next word is in "क","ख", then pronounced ‘kh’
Example: मनः कृत्वा = manakh krutwā

Represented as ḥ(ph) in the text.
If 1st character of next word is in "प","फ", then pronounced ‘ph’
Example: यः पश्यति = yaph pashyati

Represented as ḥ(sh) or ḥ(ṣh) in the text.
If 1st character of the next word is is "श" or "ष", then pronounced ‘sh’
Example: बहवः शूरा = bahavash shūrā

Represented as ḥ(s) in the text.
If 1st character of the next word is is "स", then pronounced ‘s’
Example: भोगाः सुखानि = bhogās sukhāni

For everything else, apply rules from the set of rules mentioned below.

Represented as ḥ in the text.
If preceding vowel in the same word is अ then pronounced ‘h’
Example: सर्वशः = sarvashaḥ

Represented as ḥ(hā) in the text.
If preceding vowel in the same word is आ then pronounced ‘ha’
Example: प्रजाः = prajāhā

Represented as ḥ(hi) in the text.
If preceding vowel in the same word is इ/ई/ऐ then pronounced ‘hi’
Example: प्रजापतिः = prajāpatihi

Represented as ḥ(hu) in the text.
If the preceding vowel in the same word is उ/ऊ/औ then pronounced ‘hu’
Example: प्रभुः = prabhuhu

Represented as ḥ(he) in the text. If preceding vowel in the same word is ए then pronounced ‘he’.

Represented as ḥ(ho) in the text. If preceding vowel in the same word is ओ then pronounced ‘ho’.